Wie hoch waren die Geschwindigkeiten von Pioneer 10 und Voyager 1, als Voyager sie 1998 überholte?

Am 14. Februar 1998 passierte Voyager 1 Pioneer 10 und wurde zum am weitesten entfernten von Menschenhand geschaffenen Objekt im Weltraum, 10,4 Milliarden Kilometer von der Erde entfernt (69,4 AE von der Sonne). Wie hoch waren die Geschwindigkeiten von Pioneer 10 und Voyager 1, als Voyager sie überholte?

Ich kann eine Quelle finden, die besagt, dass die Geschwindigkeit der Voyager 17 km betrug .

Antworten (2)

Horizons gibt auch Reichweiten- und Reichweitenratendaten in der Observer-Tabelle an. Ich habe die Sonne als Beobachtungszentrum verwendet und nicht das Baryzentrum des Sonnensystems.

Am 14. Februar 1998 um Mitternacht UTC fuhr Pioneer 10 mit 12,307 km/s und Voyager 1 mit 17,124 km/s.

Die Zeit, zu der Voyager 1 Pioneer 10 überholte, hängt davon ab, von wo aus Sie messen. Und es ist nicht wirklich möglich, die genaue Zeit zu berechnen, da die Flugbahndaten für Pioneer 10 ungewisser Herkunft sind, wie in seiner Horizons-Körperdatendatei erwähnt.

Hier sind die ungefähren Daten und Zeiten des Überholens.

Center Datum Zeit
Sonne 1998-Februar-17 22:00
Baryzentrum 1998-Feb-18 8:00
Erde 1998-März-05 16:00

Hier sind die Daten für eine Woche auf beiden Seiten des 14. Februar 1998.

Pionier 10

API VERSION: 1.0
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API

*******************************************************************************
 Revised: Jul 27, 2005   Pioneer 10 Spacecraft (interplanetary) / (Sun)     -23
                       http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/tmp/1972-012A.html

 BACKGROUND
  This mission was the first to be sent to the outer solar system and the 
  first to investigate the planet Jupiter. After the encounter, it followed 
  an escape trajectory from the solar system. 

  The spacecraft achieved its closest approach to Jupiter on December 4, 1973
  (UTC), when it reached approximately 2.8 Jovian radii (about 200,000 km). 

  The last fully successful acquisition of signal was March 3, 2002. Pioneer 10
  signal at the Earth (<= 185 dBm) is now at DSN threshold limit of reception. 

          Launched            : 1972-03-03 at 01:49:00 UTC
          On-orbit dry mass   : 258 kg
          Nominal Power Output: 165 W

 SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY: ("pfile10.nio")

  Trajectory was provided by JPL Navigation Team. The JPL Multimission NAV and 
  Solar System Dynamics Group source files merged consist of:
 
     PN10A, PN10B, PN10C, PN10D, PN10E, PN10F, PN10G, DE118
 
  The circumstances pertaining to the regeneration of the above spacecraft
  trajectory source files PN10* are not well known.
 
  DE118 was the standard JPL planet ephemeris for the P10 Jupiter flyby era.

  NOTE: This trajectory is suitable for general historical purposes, but should
  be used cautiously for high precision or tracking data applications. This is 
  due to potential dynamical mismatches between the Pioneer-10 era models 
  and the current modern solutions used by Horizons; for example, the old 
  DE-118 planetary ephemeris solution and the Lieske E3 satellite theory of
  JUP035 of that time, as compared to what is used now. 

  For example, if the Pioneer-10 solutions used here incorporate planet or 
  satellite ephemeris corrections estimated at the time, distance from the 
  satellites returned by Horizons could be slightly different relative to 
  the original solutions. However, the coordinate system transformation from 
  the original DE-118 planetary ephemeris to the modern ICRF frame IS known 
  and computed by Horizons.
*******************************************************************************


*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / WWW_USER Wed Feb 16 15:46:44 2022 Pasadena, USA      / Horizons    
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Pioneer 10 (spacecraft) (-23)   {source: pioneer_10}
Center body name: Sun (10)                        {source: pioneer_10}
Center-site name: BODYCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time      : A.D. 1998-Feb-07 00:00:00.0000 UT      
Stop  time      : A.D. 1998-Feb-21 00:00:00.0000 UT      
Step-size       : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : No model available
Target radii    : (unavailable)                                                
Center geodetic : 0.00000000,0.00000000,0.0000000 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.00000000,0.00000000,0.0000000 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : IAU_SUN                         {East-longitude positive}
Center radii    : 696000.0 x 696000.0 x 696000.0 k{Equator, meridian, pole}    
Target primary  : Earth
Vis. interferer : None
Rel. light bend : Sun                             {source: pioneer_10}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2                                          
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format       : DEG
Time format     : BOTH
EOP file        : eop.220215.p220511                                           
EOP coverage    : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2022-FEB-15. PREDICTS-> 2022-MAY-10
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s 
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass     n.a.    , Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation (  0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate (     0.0=NO )                           
Table format    : Comma Separated Values (spreadsheet)
*******************************************************************************
 Date__(UT)__HR:MN:SS, Date_________JDUT, , ,            delta,     deldot,
***************************************************************************
$$SOE
 1998-Feb-07 00:00:00, 2450851.500000000, , , 1.0372872263E+10, 12.3074289,
 1998-Feb-08 00:00:00, 2450852.500000000, , , 1.0373935578E+10, 12.3073459,
 1998-Feb-09 00:00:00, 2450853.500000000, , , 1.0374998885E+10, 12.3072631,
 1998-Feb-10 00:00:00, 2450854.500000000, , , 1.0376062185E+10, 12.3071803,
 1998-Feb-11 00:00:00, 2450855.500000000, , , 1.0377125479E+10, 12.3070975,
 1998-Feb-12 00:00:00, 2450856.500000000, , , 1.0378188765E+10, 12.3070149,
 1998-Feb-13 00:00:00, 2450857.500000000, , , 1.0379252044E+10, 12.3069323,
 1998-Feb-14 00:00:00, 2450858.500000000, , , 1.0380315315E+10, 12.3068498,
 1998-Feb-15 00:00:00, 2450859.500000000, , , 1.0381378580E+10, 12.3067673,
 1998-Feb-16 00:00:00, 2450860.500000000, , , 1.0382441838E+10, 12.3066849,
 1998-Feb-17 00:00:00, 2450861.500000000, , , 1.0383505088E+10, 12.3066026,
 1998-Feb-18 00:00:00, 2450862.500000000, , , 1.0384568331E+10, 12.3065204,
 1998-Feb-19 00:00:00, 2450863.500000000, , , 1.0385631568E+10, 12.3064382,
 1998-Feb-20 00:00:00, 2450864.500000000, , , 1.0386694797E+10, 12.3063560,
 1998-Feb-21 00:00:00, 2450865.500000000, , , 1.0387758019E+10, 12.3062739,
$$EOE
*******************************************************************************
Column meaning:
 
TIME

  Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.

  Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.

  Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.

  Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date. Calendar dates prior to 1582-Oct-15 are in the
Julian calendar system. Later calendar dates are in the Gregorian system.

  NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
 
 'delta,     deldot,' =
   Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer.  Units: KM and KM/S

Computations by ...

    Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
    4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
    Pasadena, CA  91109   USA

    General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
    Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
    System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
    User Guide  : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
    Connect     : browser        https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
                  API            https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
                  command-line   telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
                  e-mail/batch   https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
                  scripts        https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
    Author      : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov

*******************************************************************************

Reisender 1

API VERSION: 1.0
API SOURCE: NASA/JPL Horizons API

*******************************************************************************
 Revised: Jan 21, 2015   Voyager 1 Spacecraft (interplanetary) / (Sun)     -31
                         http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-1/

 BACKGROUND
   See the web-page above for extensive information on the Voyager Mission.

 SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY:
   This trajectory is composed of two merged sections:

     #1) 1977-Sep-5 to 1986-Jan-1:
          A patched conic mission-design type trajectory in which the conics 
          were constructed to approximately match specific events (such 
          satellite encounters), providing a rough accuracy. 

     #2) 1986-Jan-1 to 2031-Jan-1 (pfile_a54206u)
          Time-extended trajectory provided by Voyager Navigation
*******************************************************************************


*******************************************************************************
Ephemeris / WWW_USER Wed Feb 16 15:59:55 2022 Pasadena, USA      / Horizons    
*******************************************************************************
Target body name: Voyager 1 (spacecraft) (-31)    {source: Voyager_1}
Center body name: Sun (10)                        {source: Voyager_1}
Center-site name: BODYCENTRIC
*******************************************************************************
Start time      : A.D. 1998-Feb-07 00:00:00.0000 UT      
Stop  time      : A.D. 1998-Feb-21 00:00:00.0000 UT      
Step-size       : 1440 minutes
*******************************************************************************
Target pole/equ : No model available
Target radii    : (unavailable)                                                
Center geodetic : 0.00000000,0.00000000,0.0000000 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}
Center cylindric: 0.00000000,0.00000000,0.0000000 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}
Center pole/equ : IAU_SUN                         {East-longitude positive}
Center radii    : 696000.0 x 696000.0 x 696000.0 k{Equator, meridian, pole}    
Target primary  : Earth
Vis. interferer : None
Rel. light bend : Sun                             {source: Voyager_1}
Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^3/s^2                                          
Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)
RA format       : DEG
Time format     : BOTH
EOP file        : eop.220215.p220511                                           
EOP coverage    : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2022-FEB-15. PREDICTS-> 2022-MAY-10
Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s 
Table cut-offs 1: Elevation (-90.0deg=NO ),Airmass     n.a.    , Daylight (NO )
Table cut-offs 2: Solar elongation (  0.0,180.0=NO ),Local Hour Angle( 0.0=NO )
Table cut-offs 3: RA/DEC angular rate (     0.0=NO )                           
Table format    : Comma Separated Values (spreadsheet)
*******************************************************************************
 Date__(UT)__HR:MN:SS, Date_________JDUT, , ,            delta,     deldot,
***************************************************************************
$$SOE
 1998-Feb-07 00:00:00, 2450851.500000000, , , 1.0368154427E+10, 17.1248027,
 1998-Feb-08 00:00:00, 2450852.500000000, , , 1.0369633923E+10, 17.1247593,
 1998-Feb-09 00:00:00, 2450853.500000000, , , 1.0371113416E+10, 17.1247159,
 1998-Feb-10 00:00:00, 2450854.500000000, , , 1.0372592905E+10, 17.1246724,
 1998-Feb-11 00:00:00, 2450855.500000000, , , 1.0374072390E+10, 17.1246289,
 1998-Feb-12 00:00:00, 2450856.500000000, , , 1.0375551872E+10, 17.1245854,
 1998-Feb-13 00:00:00, 2450857.500000000, , , 1.0377031349E+10, 17.1245418,
 1998-Feb-14 00:00:00, 2450858.500000000, , , 1.0378510823E+10, 17.1244982,
 1998-Feb-15 00:00:00, 2450859.500000000, , , 1.0379990294E+10, 17.1244545,
 1998-Feb-16 00:00:00, 2450860.500000000, , , 1.0381469760E+10, 17.1244108,
 1998-Feb-17 00:00:00, 2450861.500000000, , , 1.0382949223E+10, 17.1243671,
 1998-Feb-18 00:00:00, 2450862.500000000, , , 1.0384428681E+10, 17.1243233,
 1998-Feb-19 00:00:00, 2450863.500000000, , , 1.0385908137E+10, 17.1242796,
 1998-Feb-20 00:00:00, 2450864.500000000, , , 1.0387387588E+10, 17.1242357,
 1998-Feb-21 00:00:00, 2450865.500000000, , , 1.0388867035E+10, 17.1241919,
$$EOE
*******************************************************************************
Column meaning:
 
TIME

  Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the
prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current
civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1
using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.

  Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar
system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output
has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st.
Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future
intervals.

  Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth
regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock
rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT"
may be defined for that location.

  Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank
(" ") denotes an A.D. date. Calendar dates prior to 1582-Oct-15 are in the
Julian calendar system. Later calendar dates are in the Gregorian system.

  NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.
 
 'delta,     deldot,' =
   Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot")
of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the
target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement
toward the observer.  Units: KM and KM/S

Computations by ...

    Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
    4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
    Pasadena, CA  91109   USA

    General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
    Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
    System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
    User Guide  : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
    Connect     : browser        https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
                  API            https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
                  command-line   telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
                  e-mail/batch   https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
                  scripts        https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
    Author      : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov

*******************************************************************************

Hier ist die Batch-Datei für Pioneer 10. Ändern Sie die COMMANDin -31für Voyager 1.

!$$SOF
MAKE_EPHEM=YES
COMMAND=-23
EPHEM_TYPE=OBSERVER
CENTER='500@10'
START_TIME='1998-Feb-7'
STOP_TIME='1998-Feb-21'
STEP_SIZE='1 DAYS'
QUANTITIES='20'
REF_SYSTEM='ICRF'
CAL_FORMAT='BOTH'
TIME_DIGITS='SECONDS'
ANG_FORMAT='DEG'
APPARENT='AIRLESS'
RANGE_UNITS='KM'
SUPPRESS_RANGE_RATE='NO'
SKIP_DAYLT='NO'
SOLAR_ELONG='0,180'
EXTRA_PREC='NO'
RTS_ONLY='NO'
CSV_FORMAT='YES'
OBJ_DATA='YES'

Hier ist das Skript , das ich verwendet habe und das mit der Batch-Datei für Pioneer 10 vorinstalliert ist.

Ich habe mein altes Entfernungsskript angepasst , um die Entfernungen von zwei Zielen darzustellen. Hier ist ein Diagramm der Entfernungen von der Sonne zu Pioneer 10 und Voyager 1. Die Zeiten sind in UTC angegeben. Wie oben erwähnt, ist sich JPL aller feinen Details der Flugbahndaten für Pioneer 10 nicht sicher, daher sollten wir diese Ergebnisse mit einiger Vorsicht behandeln. ;)

Plot von Pioneer 10 und Voyager 1

Hier ist ein Link zum Skript . Verwenden Sie @0oder @ssbals , centerwenn Sie eine Darstellung relativ zum Baryzentrum des Sonnensystems wünschen. Verwenden Sie @399für die Erde oder @3für das Baryzentrum Erde-Mond.

Hinweis: Ich denke, dass die Antwort von @ PM2Ring weitaus besser, informativer und auch genauer ist.

Unter Verwendung von JPLs Horizonten erhielt ich die folgenden Zustandsvektoren in Baryzentrumskoordinaten des Sonnensystems (am relevantesten für so weit entfernte Raumfahrzeuge) für JD = 2450858,500000000, AD 1998-Feb-14 00:00:00.0000:

Einheiten sind Kilometer und Kilometer pro Sekunde.

         Voyager 1                   Pioneer 10    
X  -2.919566485636236E+09      2.447449920541947E+09
Y  -8.063430559193250E+09      1.007319426907179E+10
Z   5.846603741810939E+09      5.514966187314744E+08
R   1.037909226092241E+10      1.03809152976264E+10

Vx -2.167117050187287E+00      1.347428037636978E+00
Vy -1.396081506054589E+01      1.230541520519172E+01
Vz  1.008540978609296E+01      6.313622142272930E-01
Vr  1.735846318132446E+01      1.239505643126838E+01

Vielleicht sind sie in diesem Moment nicht genau gleich weit vom Baryzentrum entfernt, weil es am 14. Februar nicht genau Mitternacht war, oder der 14. Februar war das Datum, an dem sie gleich weit von der Sonne entfernt waren und nicht vom Massenmittelpunkt der Sonne System, aber der Unterschied ist ziemlich gering, also können wir ihn ignorieren.

Wie hoch waren die Geschwindigkeiten von Pioneer 10 und Voyager 1, als Voyager sie 1998 überholte?

Voyager 1: 17,36 km/s

Pionier 10: 12,40 km/sek

@AndrewMorton mea culpa xyz sind Kopieren / Einfügen von Horizons, aber die endgültigen Werte stammen von Python und es zeigt gerne Ziffern an, also habe ich es von Hand wissenschaftlich notiert und einen Tippfehler gemacht. Jetzt hoffentlich behoben, danke!
Wie hoch waren die Geschwindigkeiten von Pioneer 10 und Voyager 1, als Voyager sie 1998 überholte?
AntwortenHierDatenschutz-Bestimmungen1y, 0v